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KMID : 0043320160390121644
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Archives of Pharmacal Research
2016 Volume.39 No. 12 p.1644 ~ p.1652
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P21 (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1 (pak1) is associated with cardiotoxicity induced by antihistamines
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Yun Jae-Suk
Kim So-Young
Yoon Kyung-Sik
Shin Hee-Jung
Jeong Ho-Sang
Chung Hye-Joo
Kim Young-Hoon
Shin Ji-Soon
Cha Hye-Jin
Han Kyoung-Moon
Hyeon Seung-Ha
Lee Tac-Hyung
Park Hye-Kyung
Kim Hyung-Soo
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Abstract
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Astemizole, a non-sedating histamine H1 receptor blocker, is widely known to cause cardiac arrhythmia, which prolongs the QT interval. However, the precise molecular mechanism involved in antihistamine-induced cardiovascular adverse effects other than hERG channel inhibition is still unclear. In this study, we used DNA microarray analysis to detect the mechanisms involved in life-threatening adverse effects caused by astemizole. Rat primary cardiomyocytes were treated with various concentrations of astemizole for 24 h and the corresponding cell lysates were analyzed using a DNA microarray. Astemizole altered the expression profiles of genes involved in calcium transport/signaling. Using qRT-PCR analysis, we demonstrated that, among those genes, p21 (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1 (pak1) mRNA was downregulated by treatment with terfenadine and astemizole. Astemizole also reduced pak1 protein levels in rat cardiomyocytes. In addition, astemizole decreased pak1 mRNA and protein levels in H9c2 cells and induced an increase in cell surface area (hypertrophy) and cytotoxicity. Fingolimod hydrochloride (FTY720), a pak1 activator, inhibited astemizole-induced hypertrophy and cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells. These results suggest that antihistamine-induced cardiac adverse effects are associated with pak1 expression and function.
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KEYWORD
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Antihistamine, Astemizole, Genomics, Cardiotoxicity
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